Ming Thirteen Tombs

Ming Thirteen Tombs is located in a naturally- regulated mountainous areas. The mountain belongs to the rest of Taihang Mountain Range. These royal tombs are an integrated unit. Each mausoleum could be an independent unit. They are all located in front of the mountains, and they are next to one another. Under the guideline of Chinese traditional theory of geomantic omen, the location choice and layout-design of Ming Tomb both highly emphasize the harmonization and integration among the mountains, rivers, and plants to pursue the perfect state of design and creativity from heaven and nature and express the philosophical viewpoint of the integration of nature and human. Ming Tomb reveals the deep and sophisticated conception and denotation of Chinese traditional culture, as the typical representative of Chinese ancient royal tombs.  
 
The unique design and layout has been highly praised by western authorities like Dr.Joseph Needham, a noted historian of United Kingdom, and he once said:" Royal mausoleum is an important breakthrough in the field of Chinese architectures. It is, to some extent, the most meaningful and influential example for the combination of architecture and landscape." He described Ming thirteen Tombs as the great masterpiece of Chinese architecture.

In 2003, Ming thirteen tombs were placed on the World Heritage List. The comment from the World Heritage Committee is that according to the theory of geomantic omen, the royal mausoleum of Ming and Qing Dynasties is a perfect example. Its delicate location-choice makes variety of buildings set under the ground. It is the outcome of the human activity to change traditional ideas in architecture and decoration. It also reveals the Weltanschauung and value of powers of feudalistic society of China in the past 500 years.

In fact, in 1860s, the hall-gate of tomb of Emperor Zhu Di of Ming Dynasty thoroughly collapsed in the fire set by the western invaders, and the current gate was restored later. The main hall of the tombs is rebuilt on the basis of the original foundation. The main pillars are original.They are really amazing and striking when you firstly see them. The old color and the tranquil surroundings indeed lead you to be solemn. There are some screens against the walls used for displaying the antiques and treasures concerned with the emperor. Emperor Zhu Di's Tomb and his hall are worth visiting.